Abstract
Regarding harmful agents in livestock, parasites play an important role moreover it also effect 1/4th of the human populace by various zoonotic diseases (e.g. Toxplasma, Cryptosporidium, Trypanosomiasis, etc.). In livestock the parasites successful invade host immune responses, so early diagnosis of parasitic agents by various immunodiagnostic techniques is very important. Numerous immunological/serological techniques have been emerged such as the complement fixation test (CFT), immunodiffusion (ID), indirect haemagglutination (IHA), indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA), various forms of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [Sandwich ELISA, indirect and direct ELISA, competitive ELISA, falcon assay screening test ELISA (FAST-ELISA), dot-ELISA, rapid antigen detection system (RDTS), and luciferase immune precipitation system (LIPS)] and radioimmunoassay (RIA). They targets different components of parasite, moreover they can detect disease before the emergence of clinical sign. These tests are used for many important parasitic diseases like Echinococcus multilocularis, Wuchereria bancrofti, Taenia solium and parasite causing Babesiosis, Toxoplasmosis, Visceral leishmaniasis, Human African Trypanosomiasis in both man and animals. Moreover now a day’s nano and biosensor technology has also been used for improvising the diagnostic aspect. This current mini-review is an attempt to consolidate some information of different serological based test for early diagnosis of main parasitic disease.
Highlights
According to World Health Organization (WHO) population of world will reach about 9.7 billion by 2050
Numbers of immunological/ serological techniques have been emerged such as the complement fixation test (CFT), immunodiffusion (ID), indirect haemagglutination (IHA), indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA),various forms of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [Sandwich ELISA, indirect and direct ELISA, competitive ELISA, falcon assay screening test ELISA (FAST-ELISA), dot-ELISA, rapid antigen detection system (RDTS), and luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS)] and radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Less frequently used tests include card agglutination, latex agglutination and capillary agglutination. Almost all of these tests are based on the reaction of antibodies with antigenic parasite components resulting in antigen-antibody complexes
Summary
According to World Health Organization (WHO) population of world will reach about 9.7 billion by 2050. Health along with production of animals is affected by various parasitic diseases. It was estimated that only with a 6% reduction in animal disease could provide food for an additional 250 million people [1]. There timely detection is very important aspect to reduce the loss of livestock’s health and production [1]. Less frequently used tests include card agglutination, latex agglutination and capillary agglutination. Almost all of these tests are based on the reaction of antibodies with antigenic parasite components (whole or soluble) resulting in antigen-antibody complexes. The complexes formed are detected by the addition of antiglobulins coupled to fluorescein and rhodamine dyes, radioisotopes or enzymes
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
