Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating poultry infections because of its worldwide distribution and accompanying economical threat. In the present study, we characterized the ND virus (NDV) K148/08 strain from wild mallard duck, with regard to safety, thermostability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against velogenic ND viral infection. The NDV K148/08 strain offered enhanced immunogenicity and safety relative to commercially available vaccine strains. The NDV K148/08 strain was safe in 1-day-old SPF chicks after vaccination using a coarse or cabinet-type fine sprayer. We demonstrated that the NDV K148/08 strain elicited high levels of antibody responses and provided protective efficacy against lethal NDV challenge. In addition, the thermostability of the NDV K148/08 strain was as high as that of the thermostable V4 strain. Therefore, the NDV K148/08 strain may be useful to ensure NDV vaccine performance and effectiveness in developing countries, especially in remote areas without cold chains.
Highlights
Newcastle disease (ND), which is defined as a reportable disease by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry and other bird species caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) [1]
NDVs have been categorized into lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic strains based on the disease severity in chickens [2]
These findings suggested that the ND K148/08 strain is a thermostable NDV strain
Summary
Newcastle disease (ND), which is defined as a reportable disease by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry and other bird species caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) [1]. NDVs have been categorized into lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic strains based on the disease severity in chickens [2]. Among these pathotypes, velogenic NDV causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry because it provokes severe neurological and respiratory signs as well as suboptimal egg production and egg quality [3,4]. Spray vaccination has been frequently used in the hatchery to immunize young birds against ND. For spray vaccination of NDV, the vaccine elicits an adequate immune response with a minimal respiratory response [7]. NDV strains originated from waterfowl have been highlighted as potential vaccine candidates because of their natural attenuated characteristics [4,11]
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