Abstract
Controlled release of typhoid antigen encapsulated potato starch microparticles minimize the disadvantages in terms of cost, multiple doses and side effects. The development of this work may enable to replace the alum to elicit sustained immune response because alum induces local granuloma and hypersensitivity reaction to some individuals. We have employed emulsion crosslinking technique by using 0.5% ml glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The particle size was analyzed as 43.34 µm; the loading capacity was about 44.76% and the loading efficiency as about 75.17%, while the morphology was unchanged in the stability studies. In vitro studies were analyzed by SEM and compatibility studies were performed by IR α F.T spectroscopic analysis. The percentage of antigenically active typhoid antigens was found to be 91.5% by ELISA after entrapment with 8% of starch and 0.5% of stabilizing agent. Immunoprecipitation assay exhibited that the amount of antigen in the sample was found to be 51µg and at the dilution of 1:50 showed agglutination factor (with the titer value of 50). Keywords: Typhoid, potato starch, biodegradability, immunomodulatory, single therapy, antibody response.
Highlights
The worldwide use of vaccines over the last few decades has brought down the incidence of many infectious diseases in the developed countries
This paper describes the use of microparticles as a potential adjuvant for Typhoid antigen
To the gel 1ml of typhoid antigen and 1 ml of 0.5% Glutaraldehyde was added and stirring was continued for one hour. 2 ml of gel containing typhoid antigen was added into the emulsion with continuous stirring
Summary
The worldwide use of vaccines over the last few decades has brought down the incidence of many infectious diseases in the developed countries. It is clear that new generation of vaccines will require better adjuvant delivery systems to induce optimal immune response. Antibiotics resistance, emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains among salmonellae, is a rising concern and has recently been linked to antibiotic use in livestock (Singh et al, 1998). Recent trends in potential carrier delivery have seen microencapsulation of pharmaceutical substances in biodegradable polymers as an emerging technology. Biodegradable polymer in the form of microsphere has shown the ideal perquisite microsphere carrier to the vaccine delivery system for long lasting immune responses in single dose. This paper describes the use of microparticles as a potential adjuvant for Typhoid antigen. The immune responses of the antigen loaded microparticles were compared with the conventional typhoid vaccine. Cross linked starches have long been used as food additives because of their safety and low cost. Different covalent cross-linking agents have been used (Sacchez et al ., I999)
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