Abstract
The article analyzes the recommended immunization schedule for premature babies. Due to the large number of routine medical disruptions this topic is extremely relevant in the Russian Federation today. Based on the modern scientific data the authors identified the difficulties of immunization of premature babies leading to an unreasonable delay in vaccination, also they assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccination of premature babies. They proved that the body of a premature baby develops a sufficient immune response to vaccine antigens, and therefore these children must be vaccinated without delay to prevent the severe course of infectious processes inherent in premature children. To reduce the controversy impeding timely immunization, there is a need for federal clinical guidelines for vaccination of premature babies with detailed explanations; some vaccines require special administration regimens, taking into account the reduced immunogenicity in this group.
Highlights
The article analyzes the recommended immunization schedule for premature babies
Based on the modern scientific data the authors identified the difficulties of immunization of premature babies leading to an unreasonable delay in vaccination, they assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccination of premature babies
They proved that the body of a premature baby develops a sufficient immune response to vaccine antigens, and these children must be vaccinated without delay to prevent the severe course of infectious processes inherent in premature children
Summary
В обзоре анализируются особенности вакцинации недоношенных детей. Данная тема крайне актуальна в Российской Федерации в связи с большим количеством медицинских отводов. Based on the modern scientific data the authors identified the difficulties of immunization of premature babies leading to an unreasonable delay in vaccination, they assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccination of premature babies. У недоношенных по сравнению с доношенными детьми повышен риск инвазивных форм пневмококковой инфекции с развитием пневмонии/сепсиса/менингита [1]. Вакцинация недоношенных детей ной вирусной инфекции с повышенной частотой госпитализаций, развитием дыхательной недостаточности, необходимостью искусственной вентиляции легких; тяжелых форм коклюша (среди детей, заболевающих коклюшем в первые месяцы жизни, риск смерти для недоношенных составляет 1,86); инфекции, вызываемой Haemophilus influenzae тип B (относительный риск смерти в первые месяцы жизни у недоношенных составляет 1,5, возможно развитие менингита, сепсиса, пневмонии) [1, 4]. Повышена частота госпитализаций и осложненного течения при ротавирусной инфекции у недоношенных и маловесных детей по сравнению с доношенными детьми [5, 6]. В связи с улучшением технологий выхаживания детей, рожденных раньше срока и маловесных, увеличением их выживаемости для дальнейшей защиты недоношенных детей крайне актуальной становится тема их иммунопрофилактики
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