Abstract
BackgroundHighly-pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are the two most important poultry viruses in the world. Natural low-virulence NDV strains have been used as vaccines over the past 70 years with proven track records. We have previously developed a reverse genetics system to produce low-virulent NDV vaccine strain LaSota from cloned cDNA. This system allows us to use NDV as a vaccine vector for other avian pathogens.Methodology/Principal FindingHere, we constructed two recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) each of which expresses the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of HPAIV H5N1strain A/Vietnam/1203/2004 from an added gene. In one, rNDV (rNDV-HA), the open reading frame (ORF) of HA gene was expressed without modification. In the second, rNDV (rNDV-HAF), the ORF was modified so that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the encoded HA gene were replaced with those of the NDV F protein. The insertion of either version of the HA ORF did not increase the virulence of the rNDV vector. The HA protein was found to be incorporated into the envelopes of both rNDV-HA and rNDV-HAF. However, there was an enhanced incorporation of the HA protein in rNDV-HAF. Chickens immunized with a single dose of either rNDV-HA or rNDV-HAF induced a high titer of HPAIV H5-specific antibodies and were completely protected against challenge with NDV as well as lethal challenges of both homologous and heterologous HPAIV H5N1.Conclusion and SignificanceOur results suggest that these chimeric viruses have potential as safe and effective bivalent vaccines against NDV and. HPAIV. These vaccines will be convenient and affordable, which will be highly beneficial to the poultry industry. Furthermore, immunization with these vaccines will permit serological differentiation of vaccinated and avian influenza field virus infected animals.
Highlights
Avian Influenza (AI) is an economically-important disease of poultry worldwide
Our results suggest that these chimeric viruses have potential as safe and effective bivalent vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and
Two different recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) were constructed expressing different versions of the HA protein of Highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain A/Vietnam/1203/ 2004, a virus isolated from a fatal human infection [30]
Summary
Avian Influenza (AI) is an economically-important disease of poultry worldwide. HPAIV of subtypes H5 and H7 have caused severe disease and high mortality in poultry. Since 1996, HPAIV strains of subtype H5N1 have emerged recently in Asia have caused disease in poultry around the world, resulting in the culling or death of more than 500 million poultry in more than. Highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are the two most important poultry viruses in the world. We have previously developed a reverse genetics system to produce low-virulent NDV vaccine strain LaSota from cloned cDNA. This system allows us to use NDV as a vaccine vector for other avian pathogens
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