Abstract
Due to increased temperatures and aquaculture density, thermal and hypoxia stresses have become serious problems for the aquaculture of abalone Haliotis diversicolor. Stresses lead to immunosuppression, which can cause severe negative impacts on aquaculture farms. To study the mechanism of immunosuppression after hypoxia stress and bacterial challenge, transcriptomes of H. diversicolor hemocytes involved in immunity were profiled. A total of 307,395,572 clean reads were generated and assembled into 99,774 unigenes. KEGG analysis indicated that 225 unigenes with immunologic function were mapped into immune-related pathways. Expression of 41 unigenes measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed consistent results with that of transcriptome analysis. When exposure challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it is indicated that the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, NF-κB and P53 signal pathways were involved in the hypoxia-induced immunosuppression of H. diversicolor. Furthermore, when the AKT gene (HdAKT) was inhibited by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), expression levels of HdAKT was lower than the blank and control group in hemocytes at 4 h, 12 h and 24 h (p < 0.05).
Highlights
Due to increased temperatures and aquaculture density, thermal and hypoxia stresses have become serious problems for the aquaculture of abalone Haliotis diversicolor
Genes related to the PI3K-AKT signal pathway were significantly down-regulated and physiological responses were affected, leading to immunosuppression when H. diversicolor was exposed to multiple stresses[14].Using an assay of physiological and biochemical parameters of hemocytes, immunosuppression was found to be caused by high temperature[15]
The expression of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-related genes increased rapidly at 4 h after bacterial infection and declined over time compared with blank control (NC/BC), suggesting that this pathway is involved in the rapid immune response to infection
Summary
Due to increased temperatures and aquaculture density, thermal and hypoxia stresses have become serious problems for the aquaculture of abalone Haliotis diversicolor. To study the mechanism of immunosuppression after hypoxia stress and bacterial challenge, transcriptomes of H. diversicolor hemocytes involved in immunity were profiled. When exposure challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it is indicated that the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, NF-κB and P53 signal pathways were involved in the hypoxia-induced immunosuppression of H. diversicolor. Genes related to the PI3K-AKT signal pathway were significantly down-regulated and physiological responses were affected, leading to immunosuppression when H. diversicolor was exposed to multiple stresses[14].Using an assay of physiological and biochemical parameters of hemocytes, immunosuppression was found to be caused by high temperature[15]. Our published results mentioned above have confirmed that the immune regulatory mechanisms of H. diversicolor are activated after exposure to thermal and hypoxia stresses and bacterial challenge. Our knowledge of the immune response and signaling pathways that respond to hypoxia, thermal stress and bacterial pathogens in H. diversicolor is still fragmentary
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