Abstract
BackgroundImmune escape is an immunological mechanism underlying tumorigenesis, and T cells play an important role in this process. In this study, immune-related genes were evaluated in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in colon cancer.MethodsESTIMATE was used to calculate stromal and immune scores for tumor datasets downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas–Colon Cancer (COAD). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples with high and low stromal and immune scores were screened, followed by a functional enrichment analysis of the overlapping DEGs. The DEGs related to CD4+ and the CD8+ T cells were then screened. Predicted miRNA–mRNA and lncRNA–miRNA pairs were used to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Furthermore, chemical–gene interactions were predicted for genes in the ceRNA network. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were also plotted.ResultsIn total, 83 stromal-related DEGs (5 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated) and 1270 immune-related DEGs (807 up-regulated and 293 down-regulated genes) were detected. The 79 overlapping DEGs were enriched for 39 biological process terms. Furthermore, 79 CD4+ T cell-related genes and 8 CD8+ T cell-related genes, such as ELK3, were screened. Additionally, ADAD1 and DLG3, related to CD4+ T cells, were significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. The chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1–miR-106a-5p-DDHD1 and chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1–miR-4319-GRHL1 axes obtained from CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-related ceRNAs were identified as candidates for further studies.ConclusionELK3 is a candidate immune-related gene in colon cancer. The chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1–miR-106a-5p-DDHD1 and chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1–miR-4319-GRHL1 axes may be related to CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in colon cancer.
Highlights
Immune escape is an immunological mechanism underlying tumorigenesis, and T cells play an important role in this process
The chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1–miR-106a-5pDDHD1 and chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1–miR-4319GRHL1 axes may be related to CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in colon cancer We identified the chr22-38_28785274–29,006,793.1– miR-106a-5p–DDHD1 axis from the CD4+ T-cell related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network as a candidate for further analyses
A series of bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify and characterize Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in colon cancer tissues
Summary
Immune escape is an immunological mechanism underlying tumorigenesis, and T cells play an important role in this process. Immune-related genes were evaluated in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in colon cancer. Tumor escape from immune surveillance mechanisms has prompted the advent of tumor immunotherapy [5, 6]. Immune evasion is one of the most important characteristics of tumors [7]. It mainly occurs by the modification of tumor cells and changes in the tumor microenvironment. An understanding of the mechanism underlying tumor immune escape can provide new strategies for immunotherapy [8]. The T cellmediated immune response against tumors is the basis for cancer immunotherapy and is correlated with favorable disease outcomes [9, 10]
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