Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is based on the idea of overcoming the main problems in the traditional cancer treatments and enhancing the patient’s long-term survival and quality of life. Immunotherapy methods aimed to influence the immune system, to detect and eradicate the tumors site and predict the potential results. Nowadays, nanomaterials-based immunotherapy approaches are gaining interest due to numerous advantages like their ability to target cells and tissues directly and reduce the off-target toxicity. Therefore, topics about immune system components, nanomaterials, their usage in immunotherapy and the benefits they provide will be discussed in this presented book chapter. Immunotherapy can be divided into two groups mainly; active and passive immunotherapy including their subtitles such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive immunotherapy, CAR-T therapies, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Main classification and the methods will be evaluated. Furthermore, state-of-art nanocarriers based immunotherapy methods will be mentioned in detail. The terms of size, charge, material type and surface modifications of the nanoparticles will be reviewed to understand the interference of immune system and nanoparticles and their advantages/disadvantages in immunotherapy systems.
Highlights
Understanding the immune system and its components may enlighten future potential treatments to generate disease progression such as cancer
Cancer immunotherapy is generally classified in three ways; passive, active and combination immunotherapy depending on the mechanism of the therapeutic agent and the state of the patient’s immune system
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based NPs for cancer immunotherapy is based on targeting dendritic cells
Summary
Understanding the immune system and its components may enlighten future potential treatments to generate disease progression such as cancer. Besides the commonly preferred cancer treatments, the treatments developed for the patient and the diseases come to the forefront. There are two types of immune responses; humoral and cellular immunity. Humoral immunity is primarily mediated by B and T lymphocytes and their products. It is characterized by a weak response and a strong immunological memory. Cellular immunity works faster than humoral immunity via activation and proliferation of B cells and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). B and T cells primarily mediate the antitumor response. Humoral and cellular immunity plays a crucial role in antitumor response [3, 4]
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