Abstract
Tuberculosis is a great medical and social problem. An important risk factor for tuberculosis progress is the systematic use of alcohol. The relationship between alcohol intake and TB has been clear after numerous studies and meta-analyzes. However, there are still open questions about whether alcohol is the direct cause of TB development, which doses of alcohol have the greatest trigger value in progress of TB process, what kind of immunological reactions are significantly associated with alcohol intake and what immune background can determining role of alcohol in progression of TB infection. The features of the immune response in TB patients with different value of alcohol use remain poorly understood. The aim of the research - to investigate the immune status in patients with firstly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with various levels of alcohol consumption. Materials and methods. We selected for participating in the study 102 males with tuberculosis and alcohol consumption. Examination of the patients included: clinical methods, chest X-ray, sputum tests, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and immunological blood analysis. Results. Patients with tuberculosis and alcohol consumption, have increase inflammatory response: higher level of stab neutrophils, CRP, ESR, as well as phagocyte activity, circulating immune complexes levels and medium molecular weight peptides levels. On the other hand we found decreasing of phagocytic number, index of phagocytosis completeness and differentiation clusters CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of T-lymphocytes` sub-populations. The highest changes were observed in the group of alcohol abusers. Conclusions. Patients with tuberculosis and alcohol intake, even at low levels of its consumption, have a dysregulation of their immune response. On the one hand, there is an increase of non-specific inflammatory reactions, and on the other - a situation, when antigen-presenting cells cannot adequately to process and present the antigen to phagocytes. This prevents the immune system from responding quickly, correctly evaluating and suppressing foreign agents.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is a great medical and social problem of the healthcare system in Ukraine, and throughout the world
There are still open questions about whether alcohol is the direct cause of TB development, which doses of alcohol have the greatest trigger value in progress of TB process, what kind of immunological reactions are significantly associated with alcohol intake and what immune background can determining role of alcohol in progression of TB infection
When we assessing the parameters of the cellular link of the primary immune response at the beginning of the intensive phase of treatment in patients with firstly diagnosed pulmonary TB (FDTB), a significant (p
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is a great medical and social problem of the healthcare system in Ukraine, and throughout the world. One of the most threatening features of modern TB infection is the growth of prevalence of resistant forms of M. tuberculosis (MBT) [1]. An important risk factor for TB progress is the systematic use of alcohol. About 10 % of TB cases are associated with alcohol intake [2]. Initial reduce of host cellular immunity because of alcohol use is increases the risk of TB infection, – alcohol consumption can be a factor of progress an active TB process (reactivation of latent TB infection) [3, 4, 6]. Alcohol consumption during treatment leads to heavier adverse reactions of anti-TB drugs, irregular medication intake, poor response to therapy and the formation of resistance [4, 5]. The results of meta-analyzes showed that regular intake of alcohol from 40 g per day (in terms of ethanol) contributes to a three-fold increase the risk of TB [3]
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