Abstract
Cryosurgery used on patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer improved their quality of life, but mainly because of the pain relief. In postoperative patients, multifaceted changes in immunity were found, and the state of the immune system prior to surgery often was a decisive factor to indicate whether further disorders in the postoperative period would develop, or by contrast, it would boost its recovery. Some patients receiving cryosurgery showed immune system imbalance and activation, and of antitumor immunity in particular. It has been suggested that the advisability of immunotropic therapy for specific treatment algorithms should be predicted or the therapy should be suspended at some pathologic stage, and this has been immunologically confirmed. Cryosurgery should be considered as a reasonable alternative to the existing types of surgery for pancreatic cancer or as an essential component of multimodal therapy, consisting of topical cryosurgery, chemotherapy, and immunotropic therapy, to boost antitumor immunity and to discontinue cytoreductive therapy due to its toxic effects.
Highlights
It has been established that pancreatic cancer patients have the worst treatment outcome of all significant cancer patients, both in Russia and other countries around the world [1,2,3]
CD4+/CD8+ ratio were calculated on a BD FACS ( Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter) Calibur according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, with 50 μL of whole human blood with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and its subsequent treatment with monoclonal antibodies (monABs) (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD21, CD25, CD4+CD25+, CD14, CD11b, CD45, CD54, CD56, CD64, CD70, CD95, HLA–DR/CD3, CD56+CD16+, CD56+CD16− CD3+CD56+), which were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or phycoerythrin (PE) or FITC/PE-labeled; erythrocytes were removed by a lysis buffer
We study the reactions of various systems of the body in the process of treating tumors, which allows us to expand our understanding of the indirect influence of cryomethods on various aspects of the pathophysiology of tumors in the process of local exposure and to determine changes in the immune system of the body
Summary
It has been established that pancreatic cancer patients have the worst treatment outcome of all significant cancer patients, both in Russia and other countries around the world [1,2,3]. The conservative surgical resection represents the primary type of pancreatic cancer treatment, which alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other treatment options provides low survival rates [2,3,4]. With the development and clinical use of cryosurgery for pancreatic cancer, the treatment outcomes for this group of patients have been significantly improved, such as survival rate and quality of life [2,3,4,5]. The basic principle involved in cryosurgery consists of in-situ exposure of pathologically changed organs and tissues to freezing (firstly, for destruction) [7,8].
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