Abstract
ISCOMs ® are typically 40 nm cage-like structures comprising antigen, saponin, cholesterol and phospholipid. ISCOMs ® have been shown to induce antibody responses and activate T helper cells and cytolytic T lymphocytes in a number of animal species, including non-human primates. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that ISCOMs ® are also able to induce antibody and cellular immune responses in humans. This review describes the current understanding of the ability of ISCOMs ® to induce immune responses and the mechanisms underlying this property. Recent progress in the characterisation and manufacture of ISCOMs ® will also be discussed.
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