Abstract
BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) are ubiquitous human polyomaviruses that establish persistent asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent individuals, but in a minority of immunocompromised patients, reactivate and cause clinical disease. BKV is associated with BKV nephropathy (BKVN) in kidney transplant recipients and JCV is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS patients. Humoral responses do not appear adequate to protect against reactivation or disease, and both BKVN and PML appear to be due to a failure of cellular immune responses to control the virus. Among the goals of current research is the identification of the functional correlates of cellular immune protection against these viruses in immunocompetent individuals. Such insights may help identify the small subset of patients at risk of BKV and JCV reactivation, aid clinical management and permit the development of immunotherapeutic approaches.
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