Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has many applications, including the production of textiles, agricultural extracts, nutritional products, and botanicals enriched with cannabinoids and full-spectrum terpenes naturally present in the plant. In this study, the dynamics of distribution and accumulation of 10 main cannabinoids in hemp were quantified. Hemp bioactive compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. While all tissues of hemp showed moderate anti-inflammatory properties, female flowers demonstrated the highest activity. CBD showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with suppression of nitric oxide production at 2 μg/mL and the reduced expressions of the pro-inflammatory genes COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α at as low as 2 ng/mL. The topical hemp inflorescences (1–50 μg/mL) and CBD alone (20–200 ng/mL) also improved mitochondrial respiration. These data contribute to the future development of agricultural and plant management techniques to produce hemp with specific metabolite profiles to selectively support immune health.
Highlights
Cannabis sativa L. is an herbaceous species originating in Central Asia, with multiple uses and reported as one of the oldest plants cultivated by humanity [1]
Mature CBD hemp plants accumulated a range of cannabinoids in their tissues at the time of collection, it varied from 5–10 μg/g dry weight (DW) in the root tissue to
While only cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) could be detected in roots, both stalks, leaves and flowers expressed a variety of different cannabinoids of CBD, ∆9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC), cannabigerol (CBG), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)
Summary
Cannabis sativa L. is an herbaceous species originating in Central Asia, with multiple uses and reported as one of the oldest plants cultivated by humanity [1] This plant was initially used for textile and rope production due to its resistant and malleable fibers, and for its medicinal properties, already described in 77 AD by Pliny the Elder, as “the decoction of the root in water relaxes contractions and pain in joints and cures gout and similar evils” [2]. It is reported that by 2025 the growing market for this plant will exceed $24 billion in sales and create an excess of 250,000 new jobs in the USA alone if it remains in its current form [7]
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