Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common disorders among adults over age 65. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are negatively affected by diabetes. Therefore infections such as influenza occur commonly with serious consequences in older individuals with T2DM. On the other hand aging is associated with changes in the immune system which result in disorders like T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. Influenza is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in both diabetic and non-diabetic older population and is associated with serious complications affecting cerebrovascular, cardiac and respiratory systems. The World Health Organization recommends the use of Influenza vaccine in people with diabetes and adults aged 65 years or older.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common disorders among adults over age 65
Glycemic control is the main determinant of antibody response in those with diabetes whereas high-density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-c) and white blood cell count predicts the antibody response in non-diabetic healthy subjects [8]
The cytolytic mediators, granzyme B (GrB) and perforin, are released from CD8+ T cells and through a process mediated by insertion of perforin into the membrane of the infected host cell adjacent to the immunologic synapse, GrB gains access to the cytoplasm and triggers apoptotic cell death
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common disorders among adults over age 65. Several studies have shown that Influenza vaccination in older adults is associated with reduced hospital admissions [4]. A study done by Looijmans and colleagues showed that vaccination was definitely effective in diabetic subjects [5].
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