Abstract
East Coast fever (ECF) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by the tick-transmitted protozoan parasite Theileria parva. ECF is one of the most serious cattle tick-borne diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. We have previously demonstrated that three doses of the C-terminal part of the sporozoite protein p67 (p67C) adjuvanted with ISA206VG confers partial protection against ECF at a herd level. We have tested the efficacy of two doses of this experimental vaccine, as reducing the vaccination regimen would facilitate its deployment in the field. We reconfirm that three antigen doses gave a significant level of protection to severe disease (46%, ECF score < 6) when compared with the control group, while two doses did not (23%). Animals receiving three doses of p67C developed higher antibody titers and CD4+ T-cell proliferation indices, than those which received two doses. A new panel of immune parameters were tested in order to identify factors correlating with protection: CD4+ proliferation index, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM half maximal titers and neutralization capacity of the sera with and without complement. We show that some of the cellular and humoral immune responses provide preliminary correlates of protection.
Highlights
East Coast fever (ECF) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by the tick-transmitted protozoan parasite Theileria parva
East Coast fever (ECF) is a lethal disease of cattle caused by the tick transmitted protozoan parasite Theileria parva
Cattle that recover from infection develop life-long immunity to re-challenge. This enabled the development of a live vaccine for ECF called ‘‘Infection and Treatment Method” (ITM), which is based on the simultaneous inoculation of a lethal dose of sporozoites and a long-acting oxytetracycline
Summary
East Coast fever (ECF) is a lethal disease of cattle caused by the tick transmitted protozoan parasite Theileria parva. Cattle that recover from infection develop life-long immunity to re-challenge This enabled the development of a live vaccine for ECF called ‘‘Infection and Treatment Method” (ITM), which is based on the simultaneous inoculation of a lethal dose of sporozoites and a long-acting oxytetracycline. This method of vaccination was used to create the ‘‘Muguga-cocktail” vaccine, which consists of three different T. parva sporozoite isolates and results in broad-spectrum immunity to ECF. The process of ITM has several limitations such as the need of a liq-
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