Abstract
Ingesting probiotics contributes to the development of a healthy microflora in the GIT with established benefits to human health. Some of these beneficial effects may be through the modulation of the immune system. In addition, probiotics have become more common in the treatment of many inflammatory and immune disorders. Here, we demonstrate a range of immune modulating effects of Streptococcus thermophilus by human monocytes, including decreased mRNA expression of IL-1R, IL-18, IFNαR1, IFNγR1, CCL2, CCR5, TLR-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5, TLR-6, TLR-8, CD14, CD86, CD4, ITGAM, LYZ, TYK2, IFNR1, IRAK-1, NOD2, MYD88, SLC11A1, and increased expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, IFNγ, TNFα, CSF-2. The routine administration of Streptococcus thermophilus in fermented dairy products and their consumption may be beneficial to the treatment/management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Highlights
The human body and, in particular, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts a variety of microbial populations collectively referred to as the microbiome [1]
Cytokine production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, respectively showed significant changes (Figure 3), and the monocyte samples showed a significant increase in secretion of IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-2 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and IL-10 (p < 0.05), following co-culture with ST285 for 24 h
Commensal bacteria and probiotics have made their entry into the mainstream of healthcare
Summary
The human body and, in particular, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts a variety of microbial populations collectively referred to as the microbiome [1]. In order to maintain a healthy microbiome, regular ingestion of probiotic supplements as capsules or in fermented dairy products has been suggested These practices have led to various improved health outcomes and treatment of ill health such as infections, constipation, and diarrhea [1,5,6]. The small and large intestines are highly populated with these microorganisms [7,8,9] and are routinely supplemented in foods as live strains due to their established beneficial effects to human health [1,2,9,10,11,12,13,14] Streptococcus species such as exopolysaccharide-producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) [11,15,16] are amongst those consumed. Probiotics interact with the immune system where they exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects [3,21,22]
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