Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Diagnosed In Internal Medicine Department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G: An Epidemiological and Clinical Overview

Abstract

Background: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) characterized by three nosological entities, autoimmune diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and inflammatory diseases of undetermined mechanism, share in common the inflammatory process but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely diverse. A panoramic study of IMIDs could contribute to identify the epidemiological, immuno-genetical, environmental, pathophysiological and clinical disparities. We aimed in this work to describe epidemiological and clinical aspects of all IMIDs diagnosed in internal medicine department. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients hospitalized for IMIDs between 2018 and 2019.Results: 921 patients hospitalized from 2018 to 2019, 205 patients (56.10% female) presented with immune-mediated inflammatory disease, of which two cases of associations, which is 207 cases of IMIDs (22.48%). IMIDs were dominated by inflammatory diseases of undetermined mechanism (113 cases) followed by autoimmune diseases (84 cases) and auto inflammatory diseases (10 cases). Organ-specific autoimmune diseases (72 cases) dominated the autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes (40 cases), Graves' disease (13 cases) versus systemic autoimmune diseases (12 cases): rheumatoid arthritis (04 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (03 cases). There were no cases of monogenic forms. “organ-specific” polygenic forms (07 cases) dominated the polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases: gout (02 cases), ulcerative colitis (02 cases) versus "systemic" polygenic forms (03 cases): Horton's disease (01 case). Inflammatory diseases of undetermined mechanism were dominated by neoplasia (109 cases): Solid tumor (77 cases) [hepatocellular carcinoma (14 cases), breast cancer (09 cases)] and hematological malignancies (31 cases) [non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (14 cases), chronic myeloid leukemia (8 cases)] followed by paraneoplastic syndromes (02 cases) and inflammatory diseases of iatrogenic origin (02 cases). Conclusion: IMIDs is frequently diagnosed in internal medicine and dominated by inflammatory diseases of undetermined mechanism followed by autoimmune diseases and auto inflammatory diseases.