Abstract
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) show potential as safe, efficacious, pre-hospital resuscitation fluids. The major criticism of HBOC-201 is its vasoactive property, attributed partially to low-molecular weight (low-MW) tetrameric/dimeric (TD) hemoglobin (Hb) in HBOC solution. Here we sought to determine whether resuscitation with decreasing concentrations of low-MW Hb component of HBOC affects immune responses in hemorrhagic swine. 28 anesthetized swine underwent a soft muscle crush and controlled hemorrhage of 55% blood volume, followed by resuscitation with HBOC containing 31%, 2%, or 0.4% low-MW Hb in four 10 ml/kg infusions at 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes before hospital arrival at 75 minutes. IL-10, cell activation and adhesion markers and CD4:CD8 ratio remained unchanged in all 3 groups compared to baseline. Leukocyte apoptosis was equally elevated across all groups. Purification from 31% to 0.4% low-MW Hb in HBOC solution did not alter immune effects in a swine model of severe controlled hemorrhagic shock.
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