Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic options for patients in the history of cancer treatment. In the context of cancer, where negative T-cell regulatory pathways are often overactive, immune checkpoint blockade has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the effector activity and clinical impact of antitumor T-cells. In recent years, checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have yielded unprecedented and durable responses in a significant percentage of cancer patients, leading to U.S. FDA approval of six checkpoint inhibitors for numerous cancer indications. In this review, we highlight the role and clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors and discuss current challenges and future strategies that must be considered going forward to maximize the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer.
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