Abstract
小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, SCLC）是预后极差的一类肿瘤，30年来药物治疗无显著进展，免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitor, ICI）成为近年唯一突破：程序性死亡-1（programmed death-1, PD-1）抑制剂单药或联合细胞毒T淋巴细胞抗原-4（cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, CTLA-4）抑制剂后线治疗SCLC的有效率为10%-33%，有效时间较持久；程序性死亡配体-1（programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1）抑制剂联合化疗对比传统化疗一线治疗广泛期SCLC（extensive stage-SCLC, ES-SCLC）的总生存期延长。尽管取得一定疗效，相对于非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）等对免疫治疗敏感的肿瘤类型，SCLC的疗效仍不令人满意，这可能与其免疫抑制特征有关。本综述对SCLC免疫特征的研究现状进行总结，包括淋巴细胞和免疫抑制细胞在肿瘤内浸润情况、PD-L1和主要组织相容复合物（major histocompatibility complex, MHC）在肿瘤的表达以及外周血免疫细胞的改变，并对这些免疫特征的预后及其对ICI疗效的预测价值进行分析。
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