Abstract
The prognosis of gliomas is poor and there are limited therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has become a promising treatment for gliomas. Here, we explored the expression pattern of Lck/yes-related protein tyrosine kinase (LYN) in gliomas and assessed its value as an immunotherapy biomarker. Transcriptional data was mined from two publicly available datasets, TCGA and CGGA, and used to investigate the correlation between LYN and clinical characteristics including patient prognosis, somatic mutation, and immune infiltrating features in gliomas. Besides, the correlation between LYN and classical immune checkpoint molecules was explored. Glioma samples obtained from the Xiangya Hospital cohort were used for immunohistochemistry staining. High expression level of LYN was observed in advanced gliomas and other cancer types, which predicted a worse prognosis. LYN stratified patients’ survival in the Xiangya cohort and was also significantly associated with infiltrating immune cell types and inflammatory activities in the tumor microenvironment. LYN was involved in tumor mutation, correlated with the regulation of oncogenic genes, and also showed a significant positive correlation with PD-L1. LYN can be a potential diagnostic marker and immunotherapy marker in gliomas.
Highlights
Lck/yes-related protein tyrosine kinase (LYN) Expression Correlates With Malignant Phenotypes in Gliomas
It should be noted that LYN expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was only significantly different in grade 3, while there were differences in all three grades in Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA)
The seemingly contradictory result could be explained by the insufficient samples in TCGA (672 samples) compared with CGGA (1,018 samples)
Summary
The latest world health organization (WHO) category defines grade 2 and grade 3 glioma as diffuse lower-grade glioma (LGG), and grade 4 gliomas as glioblastoma (GBM). The classical treatment options of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy are reported, the median overall survival rate of glioma patients is still less than 10 years (Zhang et al, 2019). It is noteworthy that, patients with LGG enjoy a relatively favorable prognosis, most LGG eventually progress to GBM (Claus et al, 2015). The dismal outcome, tumor recurrence, and inevitable drug resistance reveal the urgent need to explore potential. LYN in Microenvironment of Gliomas biomarkers involved in the tumorigenic mechanism of gliomas and develop potential therapeutic targets for treatment of glioma patients (Zhang et al, 2021a)
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