Immune Biomarkers in Predictive and Personalized Medicine

Abstract

century, as most of the focus has been on funding the application of new markers as single test. Each new round of development of technology has created new and promising data in planning and methodology. We have currently identified a large number of candidates’ biomarkers, including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites and tumor cells which can be use both as single tests or as multiplex tests such as proteomics, cytomics and genomics. In fact, the most essential way to predict future disease is based on genetics (e.g. Human Genome Project’s) although various validation methods for efficiency and more rigorous clinical trials need to be developed. Let’s imagine the situation when a linguist who is familiar with the alphabet but who does not understand Greek language decides to do the ‘mapping’ of Homer’s book “the Odyssey”, he will probably obtain a combinatorial analysis of data by using a personal computer which it allows him to make a claim that the book is successfully decoded. Nevertheless, this linguist is hardly able to comprehend the essence of the text. For the same reason there are doubts about the ability of the Human Genome Project (HGP) as a means of establishing a link between genes and phenotypes.