Immobilizing amyloglucosidase on inorganic hybrid nanoflowers to prepare time–temperature integrators for chilled pork quality monitoring

Abstract

Time-temperature integrators (TTIs) based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers (AMG@NFs) were developed to monitor the freshness of chilled pork. AMG@NFs were synthesized through biomineralization, resulting in enhanced activity and stability of amyloglucosidase. The TTI prototypes were constructed by hydrolyzing maltodextrin with AMG@NFs. The hue of the TTIs varied from burgundy to colorless, and the discoloration kinetics were investigated. The deterioration process of chilled pork was explored, and the activation energy (Ea) was calculated as 67.32 ± 5.13 kJ/mol. To optimize costs and match TTIs with food, 6#TTI was selected to predict the quality of chilled pork. The dynamic temperature test revealed that the cumulative effective temperatures of chilled pork and 6#TTI were 289.34 K and 290.05 K, respectively, which indicated that 6#TTI was highly reliable and suitable for monitoring the actual chilled pork system. This study offers a new approach for real-time and accurate visual monitoring of chilled pork quality.