Abstract
Sugar fatty acid esters are practical importance and have a variety of applications that include surfactants and as an emulsifying agent. In this study, we report glucose stearate synthesis using lipase-Fe3O4 nanoparticles catalyst. The influence of various reaction factors, such as silica gel concentration, molar ratio of sugar/acid, reaction temperature and speed of agitation on esterification by immobilized enzyme was analyzed. The glucose stearate esterification degree of 87.2 % was obtained under the optimized condition: 1:2 molar ratio of glucose/stearic acid, 2 % (w/v) of silica gel at 120 rpm and 40 °C. Glucose esters were characterized according to their surfactant activity like emulsification index, oil displacement activity and antimicrobial activity. The results indicated glucose stearate acts as biosurfactant, with emulsification index of 66 % in mustard oil and oil displacement activity of 19.64 cm2.
Highlights
Biosurfactants are surface active substances, consisting both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portion on its molecules (Mulligan 2005)
The glucose stearate esterification degree of 87.2 % was obtained under the optimized condition: 1:2 molar ratio of glucose/stearic acid, 2 % (w/v) of silica gel at 120 rpm and 40 °C
Glucose esters were characterized according to their surfactant activity like emulsification index, oil displacement activity and antimicrobial activity
Summary
Biosurfactants are surface active substances, consisting both hydrophobic (lipids) and hydrophilic (sugar) portion on its molecules (Mulligan 2005). In the past few years, there is a huge demand for biosurfactants over chemical surfactant because of its low toxicity to environment and biodegradability (Chamouleau et al 2001; Nitschke and Csta 2007; Park et al 2004; Tsavas et al 2002). The nonionic biosurfactants of sugar ester are obtained from microbial and enzymatic process using renewable and inexpensive substrate (Atanu et al 2008; Kshirsagar and Singhal 2007; Sabeder et al 2006; Ye et al 2010). Nanoparticles have been used as support material for lipase immobilization. Glucose esters synthesis by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase catalysis has been reported (Jiang et al 2009). We report lipase covalently immobilized on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. We have characterized the glucose esters by their surfactant and antimicrobial properties
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