Abstract
BackgroundLaccases have good potential as bioremediating agents and can be used continuously in the immobilized form like many other enzymes.MethodsIn the present study, laccase from Cyathus bulleri was immobilized by entrapment in Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) beads cross-linked with either nitrate or boric acid. Immobilized laccase was used for dye decolorization in both batch and continuous mode employing a packed bed column. The products of degradation of dye Acid Red 27 were identified by LC MS/MS analysis.ResultsThe method led to very effective (90%) laccase immobilization and also imparted significant stability to the enzyme (more than 70% after 5 months of storage at 4°C). In batch decolorization, 90-95% decolorization was achieved of the simulated dye effluent for up to 10–20 cycles. Continuous decolorization in a packed bed bioreactor led to nearly 90% decolorization for up to 5 days. The immobilized laccase was also effective in decolorization and degradation of Acid Red 27 in the presence of a mediator. Four products of degradation were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis.ConclusionsThe immobilized laccase in PVA-nitrate was concluded to be an effective agent in treatment of textile dye effluents.
Highlights
The effluents generated from textile industries are reported to be one of the top ten contaminating sources of water bodies
Leaching of laccase was monitored in both preparations and it was found that Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA)-nitrate retained 75% laccase activity after 108 h of incubation at 30°C at 100 rpm (Table 1)
The major obstacles in implementing laccase-mediator systems for bioremediation at an industrial scale are the cost of the enzyme and the mediators
Summary
The effluents generated from textile industries are reported to be one of the top ten contaminating sources of water bodies. Ligninolytic enzymes, including laccases, produced by white rot fungi find immense applications in treatment of the toxic wastes generated from textile industries [1,2]. Application of laccases for dye degradation has not been reported so far on an industrial scale mainly because of the high cost of production of these enzymes. Several attempts have been made to immobilize laccases [3,4]. A number of studies report on the use of immobilized laccase preparations for dye decolorization [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Laccases have good potential as bioremediating agents and can be used continuously in the immobilized form like many other enzymes
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