Abstract
This chapter focuses on immobilization techniques, properties of immobilized enzymes, and possible applications of this new technology. Immobilized enzymes constitute a new class of heterogeneous catalysts with a high degree of specificity. They have potential application in medicine, food, and industrial processing; waste treatment; and as research tools. Cellulose acts as a support for insolubilization of enzymes. The hydrazide of carboxymethyl cellulose (CM-cellulose) has been widely used as a support material. The chapter describes the way Curtius azide method is used to attach enzymes to CM-cellulose. It also describes the immobilization of several enzymes on 90% oxidized dialdehyde starch. Insolubilization of enzymes can also be accomplished by cross-linking the enzymatic protein with a bifunctional reagent, such as glutaraldehyde or bisdiazobenzidine-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The chapter presents a list of the carriers that have been used as supports for immobilization of enzymes. Enzymes that have been immobilized by entrapment in polyacrylamide gel are also listed. Insoluble enzymes help in the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as phenylketonuria.
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