Immobilized doxorubicin and ribociclib carbamate linkers encaged in surface modified cubosomes spatially target tumor reductive environment to enhance antitumor efficacy

Abstract

In the present investigation, we have strategically synthesized Glutathione (GSH) stimuli-sensitive analogues using carbamate linkers (CL) of DOX (DOX-CL) and RB (RB-CL) which were then anchored to gold nanoparticles (Au-DOX-CL, Au-RB-CL) using mPEG as a spacer. It was observed that carbamate linkage (CL) with four carbon spacer is critical, to position the terminal thiol group, to access the carbamate group efficiently to achieve GSH-assisted release of DOX and RB in tumor-specific environment. When assessed for GSH reductase activity in MDA-MB 231 cell lines, Au-DOX-CL and Au-RB-CL showed nearly 4.18 and 3.13 fold higher GSH reductive activity as compared to the control group respectively. To achieve spatial tumor targeting with a high payload of DOX and RB, Au-DOX-CL and Au-RB-CL were encapsulated in the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) modified liquid crystalline cubosomes i.e. CPP-Cu(Au@CL-DR). After internalization, the prototype nanocarriers release respective drugs at a precise GSH concentration inside the tumor tissues, amplifying drug concentration to a tune of five-fold. The drug concentrations remain within the therapeutic window for 72 h with a significant reduction of RB (7.8-fold) and DOX (6-fold) concentrations in vital organs, rendering reduced toxicity and improved survival. Overall, this constitutes a promising chemotherapeutic strategy against cancer and its potential application in the offing.