Abstract
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Highlights
An application-related definition for immobilized enzymes was given by Chibata in 1978 [1]: they are “enzymes physically confined or localized in a certain defined region of space with retention of their catalytic activities which can be used repeatedly and continuously”; this holds in essence for immobilized cells
One of the first papers in this field was a report by Nelson and Griffin [4] on the adsorption of yeast invertase onto charcoal; the catalyst remained active in this state and catalyzed the hydrolysis of sucrose
A combination of biocatalysis with nanotechnology led, for example, in the recent past, to the development of nanocarriers for therapeutic proteins; these nanoconjugates are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and enable the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as lysosomal storage diseases associated with cognitive impairment or CNS
Summary
An application-related definition for immobilized enzymes was given by Chibata in 1978 [1]: they are “enzymes physically confined or localized in a certain defined region of space with retention of their catalytic activities which can be used repeatedly and continuously”; this holds in essence for immobilized cells. Examples of immobilized biocatalysts (enzymes and whole cells) were known since about I owe particular thanks to all the authors who contributed their excellent papers to this Special Issue that is comprised of twenty-nine articles, among them six reviews, covering many important aspects of this topic together with a variety of new approaches.
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