Abstract
SUMMARYResearch backgroundShrimp shells contain chitin that can be further processed into N-acetylglucosamine, which has been extensively used to treat joint damage. Providencia stuartii has a strong chitinolytic activity and may be utilized in the form of immobilized cells in repeated fermentation. Pumice is a porous and rigid stone that offers superior mechanical strength, making it suitable for immobilization.Experimental approachIn the research submerged fermentation with different pumice stone sizes and pumice stone/growth medium ratios (m/V) was carried out for 4 days at 37 °C and pH=7.0. The optimum pumice stone size and pumice stone/growth medium ratio (m/V) were used to determine the optimum fermentation cycle for the production of N-acetylglucosamine using immobilized P. stuartii.Results and conclusionsPumice stones of 1.0 cm×1.0 cm×1.0 cm and pumice stone/growth medium ratio of 1:5 were found to be the optimum conditions for successful immobilization of (90.0±1.6) % cells and production of (331.4±7.3) g/L N-acetylglucosamine. The highest N-acetylglucosamine concentration of (323.0±2.5) g/L was obtained in the first fermentation cycle, which then decreased and remained stable throughout the last three cycles.Novelty and scientific contributionP. stuartii, a strong chitinolytic bacterium previously isolated from rotten shrimp shells, was used for the first time in immobilized form to produce N-acetylglucosamine. The findings in this research showed the potential use of P. stuartii cells immobilized in pumice stone for continuous production of N-acetylglucosamine in repeated fermentation.
Highlights
Shrimp shells comprise of 30-40 % protein, 30-50 % calcium carbonate and 20-30 %chitin, depend on the type of the shrimp [1]
The highest N-acetylglucosamine concentration of (322.97±2.46) g/L was obtained in the first fermentation cycle which decreased and remained stable throughout the last three cycles of fermentation
P. stuartii was a strong chitinolytic bacteria previously isolated from rotten shrimp shells and was used for the first time in immobilized form to produce N-acetylglucosamine
Summary
Shrimp shells comprise of 30-40 % protein, 30-50 % calcium carbonate and 20-30 %. Chitin, depend on the type of the shrimp [1]. The monomeric unit of chitin includes Nacetylglucosamine, an amino sugar that plays role in stimulating joint functions and forming the structure of cartilage [2]. N-acetylglucosamine can be produced through chemical synthesis, enzymatic process, or microbial fermentation method [2]. The chemical synthesis is not necessarily preferred due to its lower yield and environmental issues because strong acids are used [4]. Enzymatic process poses a great challenge with its great cost for enzyme purification, lower yield, and enzyme stability issues [2]. A microbial fermentation method is more preferred to produce N-acetylglucosamine [5]
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