Abstract
Background: Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in acidic soil is one of the important points in environmental pollution. Thus, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic amendments on lead (Pb) immobilization in the Pb-polluted soil. Methods: Treatments were consisted of applying cow manure (0, 15, and 30 t/ha), and applying cow bone and phosphate rock (5% (W/W)) in the Pb (0, 800, and 1600 mg Pb/kg soil)-polluted soil. The plant used in this experiment was canola. After 70 days, the plants were harvested and soil and plant Pb concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results: Applying 15 and 30 t/ha of cow manure in the Pb (1600 mg Pb/kg soil)-polluted soil significantly decreased the soil Pb concentration by 14.3 and 17.2%, respectively. For plant Pb concentration, it was increased by 11.8 and 15.1%, respectively. A significant decrease in plant Pb concentration was measured, when the soil under cultivation of the plant was amended with 5% (W/W) phosphate rock powder. For the plants grown on the soil, which was amended with 5% (W/W), the plant Pb concentration decreased by 17.6%. In addition, applying organic and inorganic amendment significantly decreased the bio-concentration factor (BCF), while the soil microbial respiration increased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that applying 15 and 30 t/ha cow manure or calcium and phosphorus sources such as cow bone and phosphate rock powder (5% (W/W) can decrease the soil Pb availability and prevent the Pb translocation from soil to plants.
Highlights
Soil pollution with heavy metals is one of important global environmental issues
The results showed that with increasing the application rate of cow manure from 0 to 15 t/ha, the soil Pb concentration significantly decreased by 11.9%
Using compounds with alkaline pH such as cow manure or phosphate rock powder can probably help reduce the availability of heavy metals in the acidic soils that this matter has been investigated to some extent in the present study
Summary
Soil pollution with heavy metals is one of important global environmental issues. heavy metals are highly toxic to humans, animals, microorganisms, and plants [1]. Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in acidic soil is one of the important points in environmental pollution. A significant decrease in plant Pb concentration was measured, when the soil under cultivation of the plant was amended with 5% (W/W) phosphate rock powder. Applying organic and inorganic amendment significantly decreased the bio-concentration factor (BCF), while the soil microbial respiration increased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that applying 15 and 30 t/ha cow manure or calcium and phosphorus sources such as cow bone and phosphate rock powder (5% (W/W) can decrease the soil Pb availability and prevent the Pb translocation from soil to plants. Immobilization of Pb by organic and inorganic phosphate and calcium sources in an acidic Pb-polluted soil amended with cow manure.
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