Immobilization of –OSO3H on activated carbon powder and its use as a heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of phthalazine and quinoline derivatives

Abstract

Anchoring –OSO3H on activated carbon powder presents an innovative approach in the green catalysis field by improving its performance for synthesizing several organic compounds. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of fabricated activated carbon-OSO3H (AC–OSO3H) catalyst in synthesizing 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-trione and quinolines derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction under solvent-free conditions. In this procedure, incorporating the –OSO3H functional group with activated carbon was performed in three steps, including acid-treatment (oxidation), reduction, and sulfonation, respectively. The fabricated AC–OSO3H was characterized by FT-IR, EDS, XRD, and XPS binding studies. XPS studies confirmed the presence of –SO3H groups anchored on activated carbon powder by comparing neat, oxidized, and reduced activated carbon XPS patterns. Therefore, AC–OSO3H powder operates as an effective catalyst for phthalazine and quinoline derivatives synthesis via one-pot multicomponent reactions. Also, the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR techniques. Features that make this approach practical, green, and safe for the environment and humans included shorter reaction time, cost-effectiveness, reusability, easy separation, and higher efficiency than other methods.