Abstract
In this study, perlite nanoparticles were prepared through a simple method and then modified with Lewis acidic ionic liquid (perlite NP@IL/ZrCl4) through a two step procedure. The prepared solid acid catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Perlite NP@IL/ZrCl4 was used as a new solid acid, reusable and green heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives. Synthesis of xanthenes was performed under solvent free conditions using a catalytic amount (0.005 g, 0.4 mol%) of the prepared catalyst with simple work-up and high to excellent yield of products. The reusability and high efficiency of this catalyst makes this method attractive for large scale environment-friendly operations.
Highlights
Xanthene and its derivatives are pharmaceutically and biologically active compounds.1,2 Because of the widespread use of this class of heterocyclic compounds in the preparation of dyes,3 laser technologies4 and pH-sensitive uorescent materials for visualization of biomolecules,5 they have received signi cant attention in recent years
On the other hand, fused pyran ring systems especially pyranopyrimidines have biological activities including antimicrobial,6 anticonvulsant,7 antiplatelet,8 antibacterial,9 antiphlogistic,10 analgesic,11 anti-in ammatory,11 antigenotoxic12 and antifungal activities.7,13–15. These unique properties, led to intensive research on the synthesis of xanthene and naphthopyranopyrimidine derivatives in the presence of various catalysts such as CoPy2Cl2,16 I2,17 choline chloride,18 Y(NO3)3$6H2O and SnCl2$2H2O,19 ZnO NPs,20 Al(HSO4)3,21 sulfamic acid,22 perlite-SO3H,23 LiBr,24 silica sulfuric acid,254NBr,26 TfOH,27 cellulose sulfamic acid,28 molecular iodine,29 heteropolyacid,30 phosphoric acid supported on alumina,31 [IMPS][TfO],32 [HNMP][HSO4],33 [TEBSA] [HSO4],34 [MIMPS][HSO4],35 [DMEA][HSO4],36 [BDMAP][OH]37 and sulfonyl-functionalized acidic ionic liquids
The application of supported catalysts was developed for the synthesis of organic compounds
Summary
Xanthene and its derivatives are pharmaceutically and biologically active compounds.1,2 Because of the widespread use of this class of heterocyclic compounds in the preparation of dyes,3 laser technologies4 and pH-sensitive uorescent materials for visualization of biomolecules,5 they have received signi cant attention in recent years. FT-IR spectra of perlite nanoparticles and perlite NPs@IL/ZrCl4 were presented in Fig. 1 to prove the catalyst structure. Scheme 1 Solvent free one-pot synthesis of three types of xanthene derivatives in the presence of perlite NPs@IL/ZrCl4.
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