Abstract
The immobilization of copper(II) in organic-inorganic (silica gel) hybrid materials as catalysis for the homocoupling of aryl halides (classic Ullmann reaction) has been described. The homocoupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides underwent smoothly in the presence of a 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl-functionalized silica gel immobilized copper(II) catalyst. The protocol involved the use of DMSO as the solvent and potassium fluoride as the base. The reactions generated the corresponding homocoupling products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the silica-supported copper(II) could be recovered and recycled by simple filtration and used for five consecutive trials without loss of its reactivity.
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