Abstract

Este artículo analiza las políticas migratorias italianas de los últimos treinta años utilizando datos estadísticos, con el fin de señalar cómo estas políticas no están relacionadas con la realidad de las llegadas y cómo los gobiernos italianos han considerado este fenómeno, sobre todo, una amenaza para el orden público. Es posible indicar una primera fase (1980-1990) en la que los actos administrativos gestionan la llegada de los extranjeros y su regularización, respecto a las exigencias del mercado laboral; una segunda (1990-2001), con un marco más sistemático para la gestión de la inmigración; una tercera (2002-2011), en la que las leyes fueron modificadas en un sentido más restrictivo. Desde 2011 la rapidez de los cambios en Oriente Medio y en el mundo árabe provocaron nuevas llegadas en todo el Mediterráneo, y el gobierno populista elegido en 2018 puso en marcha un nuevo decreto que limita las posibilidades de aceptar solicitantes de asilo.

Highlights

  • This paper aims to analyze the Italian migration policies of the last thirty years by using statistical data

  • According to data provided by the Ministry of the Interior, in the first 5 months of 2019 we record a significant drop in arrivals compared to 2017, which in the same period registered 61.201 landings; as well as the decline in asylum requests, which between 2016 and 2018 went from 123.600 to 53.59675

  • The statistical data show the extraordinary progression of immigrants arriving in Italy from the 1980s onwards, in conjunction with the more general international economic situation

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Summary

Foreigners distribution within the country

In the period between the 1980s and the first census of 2011, the number of immigrants living in Italy —which can be extracted through the censuses of the population carried out by Istat— increases in a very considerable way. The analysis of data relating to the period between 2011 and 2017 shows a distribution of residents of foreign origin among the Italian regions which, in 2017, places Lombardy in the first place (1.139.463) and just after Lazio (662.927), Emilia Romagna (529.337), Veneto (485.477), Piedmont (418.874), Tuscany (400.370), Campania (243.694), and Sicily (189.169) These are the 8 most populous regions of Italy that together receive over 80% of foreigners living in Italy, within which it is possible to record the greatest increases in the foreign population, between 2011 and 2017, in Lazio (237.220), Lombardia (192.175) and Campania (95.575), which together represent more than half (51%) of the overall increase (1.019.401).

The home countries
About employment status
From the «emergency» management of migrations to the «Turco-Napolitano» Law
Conclusions
Findings
Notes on contributor
Full Text
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