Immigrants and house prices: myths and realities

Abstract

PurposeThis paper aims to dissect myths from realities. It delves into the nuanced relationship between immigration and housing, emphasizing that while correlation exists, causation is not straightforward. By exploring factors beyond immigration driving housing costs and the multifaceted impact of immigration on labour markets and economic growth, the paper seeks to inform evidence-based policies. It underscores immigration's pivotal role in filling labour shortages, fostering innovation and offsetting demographic challenges. Ultimately, the paper advocates for nuanced policy responses that acknowledge immigration's contributions while addressing housing affordability concerns, steering away from simplistic narratives and embracing the complexities of the issue.Design/methodology/approachOur methodology entails a comprehensive review of literature to elucidate the complex relationship between immigration and housing prices in Canada. We examine studies estimating causal effects of immigration on housing prices, while also considering myriad factors influencing housing demand and supply. Moreover, we analyse government immigration policies to assess their impact on housing markets. Additionally, we integrate insights from economic theory to understand the interconnectedness between immigration, labour markets and housing affordability. Through rigorous analysis and synthesis of existing research, we aim to provide clarity on the myths and realities surrounding the perceived link between immigration and housing prices.FindingsThe paper highlights Canada's historical support for immigration and its substantial benefits, including addressing labour shortages, enhancing economic growth and cultural diversity. However, concerns over immigration's impact on housing prices have shifted public opinion. While immigration is often correlated with housing price increases, causality is complex, with myriad factors at play. Few studies estimate a small, varied effect of immigration on housing prices. Importantly, immigrants increasingly settle in areas with lower housing costs, suggesting self-correcting equilibrium. Immigration also serves as a vital labour source, potentially alleviating housing supply bottlenecks. Restrictive immigration policies risk overlooking these multifaceted contributions to the economy and housing markets.Originality/valueThe paper delineates the complex relationship between immigration and housing prices in Canada, elucidating that while immigration is often correlated with housing price increases, it may not be the causal factor. It highlights the myriad of factors, beyond immigration, influencing housing demand and supply. Despite concerns over immigrants' impact on housing affordability, their contribution to labour markets, innovation and economic growth is substantial. The discussion underscores the importance of informed policies that address both housing affordability and labor market needs. Immigration, far from being solely a factor driving up housing prices, serves as a vital source of labour, fostering economic vitality and cultural diversity in Canada.