Abstract
Craniometric points (CPs) have been used in neurosciences since the 1800s. Localization of the CPs allows for the identification of crucial intracranial structures. Despite the contribution of advanced technology to surgery, the knowledge of these points remains crucial for surgical planning and intraoperative orientation. The understanding of these crucial points can be facilitated with the use of three-dimensional technology combined with anatomical dissections. The present study is part of a stereoscopic collection of volumetric models (VMs) obtained from cadaveric dissections that depict the relevant anatomy of the CPs. Five embalmed heads and two dry skulls have been used to depict these points. After the anatomical dissection, stereoscopic images and VMs were generated to show the correlation between external and internal landmarks. The CPs identified were divided into sutures, suture junctions, prominences and depressions, and cortical surface landmarks. The VMs represent an interactive way to define these points easily and their correlation with different intracranial structures (vascular structure, ventricle cavity, and Brodmann’s areas).
Highlights
Craniometry is a science that utilizes measurements of the skull and facial structures with the aim of analysing specific osseous features in different populations
In the late 19th century, the application of the craniometric points (CPs) in surgery established the foundation of modern neurosurgery, with the possibility to tailor craniotomies in specific areas of interest [1]
The Taylor-Haughton method uses different lines and their intersection to identify the central sulcus (CS): the Frankfurt plane, the distance from Na to In along the calvarium (Na-In) divided in quarters (25%-50%-75%), the posterior ear line, condylar line, the line from the middle of the orbit to the 75% mark along the Na-In, which corresponds to the Sylvian fissure (SF) from the orbit to the posterior ear line
Summary
Craniometry is a science that utilizes measurements of the skull and facial structures with the aim of analysing specific osseous features in different populations. In 1876, Broca published the “Sur la topographie crânio-cérébrale” and, for the first time, correlated the CPs to intracranial structures such as sulci and gyri of interest [1]. Anatomists, surgeons, and radiologists have studied the craniocerebral topography and measured lines from different CPs to identify them . In the late 19th century, the application of the CPs in surgery established the foundation of modern neurosurgery, with the possibility to tailor craniotomies in specific areas of interest [1]. Ribas and others have focused most of their anatomical research around the surgical applications of CPs, underlying their importance in modern neurosurgery [1,2,3,4]
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