Immature peritoneal mast cells in neonatal rats express the CTMC phenotype, as well as functional IgE receptors.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the differentiation and maturation of mast cells and the expression of IgE receptors on their surface in neonatal animals in vivo. Another aim was to clarify whether connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) undergo a maturation process involving a transdifferentiation from mucosal mast cells (MMC) during this period of time. Mast-cell phenotypes were studied in terms of the profiles of proteinases and proteoglycan. In 1-week-old rats, the mast-cell granules stained with Alcian blue rather than with safranin (AB+/S-) in the Alcian blue/safranin staining sequence, normally regarded as a property of MMC. However, the AB+/S-stained proteoglycan was degradable by nitrous acid and stained with berberine sulphate, thus indicating that it contained heparin rather than chondroitin sulphate. The mast cells expressed rat mast-cell proteinase (RMCP) I rather than RMCP II, which is normally found in MMC. The mast cells of 1-week-old rats expressed functional IgE receptors, by showing a dose-dependent IgE-mediated histamine release of mast cells. About 70% of the IgE receptors on the mast cells were occupied by IgE. In 2- to 3-week-old rats, there was a progressive increase in mast cells stained with both Alcian blue and safranin or with safranin alone, i.e. they gradually changed towards the staining properties of CTMC (AB-/S+). The expression and the degree of IgE occupancy of the receptors increased in 1- to 3-week-old animals. This was paralleled by an increment in cell size and in the content of heparin, histamine and serotonin in the mast cells. The findings thus indicate that the peritoneal mast cells of neonatal rats express the CTMC phenotype and undergo a maturation process at from 1 to 3 weeks of age, without involving a transdifferentiation from MMC. The maturation of the mast cells is accompanied by an increase in the expression of functional IgE receptors on the cell surface. production was detectable as early as in 1-week-old rats.