Abstract
Resumo As constituições estaduais brasileiras emulam a Carta Federal, mimetizando sua estrutura e reproduzindo literalmente suas normas. A difusão vertical de normas constitucionais prevalece sobre a horizontal, ou seja, os estados são mais influenciados pela Constituição Federal do que influenciam uns aos outros. Em parte, essa difusão top-down ocorre por imitação, mas é também determinada por coerção, reforçada por decisões judiciais. A originalidade no constitucionalismo estadual brasileiro surge mais em diferentes maneiras de emular a Constituição Federal do que pela criação de normas próprias, fazendo do constitucionalismo estadual mais uma evidência do centralismo dessa federação, ao menos no que concerne à produção de normas jurídicas. O artigo analisa tal fenômeno comparando quantitativamente os textos constitucionais estaduais e federal e avaliando as condições históricas de sua elaboração.
Highlights
Federations are a privileged space for the diffusion of policies and institutions, for the study of such processes
In and about Brazil, pioneering policy diffusion studies have dedicated to the dissemination of well-succeeded international participatory policies (Oliveira, 2016, 2017) and, foremost, to the national diffusion of municipal-level social and participatory policies,1 themes about which there is a greater number of works and researchers (Coêlho, 2012; Coêlho, Cavalcante, and Turgeon, 2016; Spada, 2014; Sugiyama, 2007, 2011; Wampler, 2008)
According to Porto de Oliveira and Faria (2017), the field of diffusion studies in Brazil is still in an embryonic stage; we have only identified thirteen articles published in Brazil addressing public policy diffusion, while only four were dedicated to ‘intra-federative’ research
Summary
Federations are a privileged space for the diffusion of policies and institutions, for the study of such processes. Belonging to a set of geographically proximate political entities, interlinked by diverse affinities, institutional bonds, and intergovernmental relations, creates the opportunity for experiences to be emulated between the federal government and the subnational units, as well as between and among these, in (top-down and bottom-up) vertical and horizontal movements. The way such diffusion takes place in federations, will vary as a function of the type of federalism in effect. Bridging this gap is the aim of this article, interlinking three far separate fields: (1) studies on diffusion; (2) federalism, and (3) constitutionalism — highlighting a theme unexplored by the three fields, namely state constitutionalism
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