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Abstract
Malaria is the deadliest mosquito-borne disease and kills predominantly people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The now widespread mosquito resistance to pyrethroids, with rapidly growing resistance to other insecticide classes recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), may overturn the successes gained in mosquito control in recent years. It is of utmost importance to search for new, inexpensive, and safe alternatives, with new modes of action, that might improve the efficacy of current insecticides. The efficacy of a novel mechanical insecticidal mineral derived from volcanic rock, ImergardTMWP, was investigated to determine its efficacy as a stand-alone residual wall spray and as a mixture with deltamethrin (K-Othrine® Polyzone) in experimental huts in Cove, Benin. The evaluation was conducted with susceptible (Kisumu) and wild-type Anopheles gambiae (s.l.). Deltamethrin applied alone demonstrated 40–45% mortality (at 72 h post-exposure) during the first four months, which declined to 25% at six months for wild An. gambiae from Cove. ImergardTMWP alone and mixed with deltamethrin, under the same assay conditions, produced 79–82% and 73–81% mortality, respectively, during the same six-month period. ImergardTMWP met the 80% WHO bio-efficacy threshold for residual activity for the first five months with 78% residual activity at six months. ImergardTMWP can be used as a mixture with chemical insecticides or as a stand-alone pesticide for mosquito control in Africa.
Highlights
Malaria continues to be a major life-threatening vector-borne disease globally but more so in developing countries
Insects 2020, 11, 322 malaria cases and 405,000 deaths observed in 2018 were recorded in Africa [1]. It is the first cause of mortality and morbidity in West Africa, and the majority of malaria-endemic countries are in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which shares 80% of the global malaria burden [1,2]
We demonstrated that the Mechanical insecticides (MIs) is a suitable alternative to a chemical insecticide currently in use for mosquito control and offers a long-lasting protection against mosquitoes such as the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Summary
Malaria continues to be a major life-threatening vector-borne disease globally but more so in developing countries. Insects 2020, 11, 322 malaria cases and 405,000 deaths observed in 2018 were recorded in Africa [1] It is the first cause of mortality and morbidity in West Africa, and the majority of malaria-endemic countries are in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which shares 80% of the global malaria burden [1,2]. Vector control is essential in the fight against malaria and is commonly accomplished through the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) [3]. The latter consists of applying insecticides to interior walls of a house
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