Abstract
This article looks at the dialogue between metropolitan political elites and Algerian activists that grew up during the Second Empire, revisiting an important moment in the making of France’s “modern” republican democracy. Through an examination of Algerian newspapers and publications, it assesses the role that colonial public opinion played in the “republican renaissance” of the 1860s, detailing how colon polemicists consciously tailored an ideology of moderate republicanism to fit colonial society and elaborate a brand of republican colonialism that would, in time, provide the ideological basis for the colonial republic. In placing nineteenth-century French political history in a trans-Mediterranean framework, this article challenges the customary history of hexagonal France, indicating the vital role colonial activists played in the making of republican colonialism, influencing considerations of the French nation and citizenship that would, in time, encourage the conception of a French imperial nation-state supported under the Third Republic. Le dialogue entre les élites politiques métropolitaines et les colons algériens jouait un rôle important dans la réalisation de la démocratie républicaine moderne française pendant le Second Empire. A travers sa lecture de divers journaux algériens, cet article met en lumière le rapport entre l’opinion publique coloniale et la « renaissance républicaine » des années 1860, ainsi que les moyens que les colons ont utilisés pour formuler une idéologie républicaine qui s’appliquait à la société coloniale. Cette idéologie allait jeter les bases de la république coloniale. En concevant l’histoire politique française dans une optique transméditerranéenne, l’article conteste l’histoire conventionnelle de la France hexagonale et révèle la contribution des activistes algériens français à l’édification du colonialisme républicain et aux conceptions de la nationalité et de la citoyenneté essentielles à la formation de la nation impériale française sous la Troisième République.
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