Imaging the interface of a qubit and its quantum-many-body environment

Abstract

Decoherence affects all quantum systems, natural or artificial, and is the primary obstacle impeding quantum technologies. We show theoretically that for a Rydberg qubit in a Bose condensed environment, experiments can image the system-environment interface that is central for decoherence. High precision absorption images of the condensed environment will be able to capture transient signals that show the real time build up of a mesoscopic entangled state in the environment. This is possible before decoherence sources other than the condensate itself can kick in, since qubit decoherence time-scales can be tuned from the order of nanoseconds to microseconds by choice of the excited Rydberg principal quantum number {\nu}. Imaging the interface will allow detailed explorations of open quantum system concepts and may offer guidance for coherence protection in challenging scenarios with non-Markovian environments.