Abstract
We present the first experimental imaging of the internal DW structure in 55 and 85 nm diameter Ni nanocylinders, using electron holography combined with micromagnetic calculations. We demonstrate the magnetic transition from a hybrid magnetic state with both vortex and transverse DW in 85 nm diameter Ni nanocylinders to a pure transverse wall in thinner nanowires. This is particularly important as DWs in nanocylinders are model systems to go beyond the classical Walker limit.
Highlights
Nicolas Biziere,†* Christophe Gatel, † Rémy Lassalle-Balier, $ Marie Claude Clochard, ‡ Jean Eric Wegrowe, ‡ and Etienne Snoeck† † CEMES-CNRS, 31055, Toulouse, France $ School of Physics and CRANN/Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland ‡ LSI/CEA/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France KEYWORDS Magnetic domain wall, electron holography, magnetic transition, 3D nanomagnetism
Their cylindrical symmetry prevents any change in the demagnetizing energy as the spins rotate during propagation[3,4] and should led to a suppression of the Walker breakdown[5,6,7]. This has been predicted in particular in the case of a transverse wall in a nanocylinder. The latter point is of particular interest for technological applications such as logic circuit or data storage[8,9,10], manipulating the walls by means of magnetic fields[11,12,13,14] or electric current[15,16,17,18,19], and for which the Walker breakdown is the main limitation on the domain walls (DW) velocities
We bypass these two limitations by using template synthesis to grow high quality Ni nano-cylinders and we use high spatial resolution off-axis electron holography to study the magnetic configuration of the DW
Summary
Nicolas Biziere,†* Christophe Gatel, † Rémy Lassalle-Balier, $ Marie Claude Clochard, ‡ Jean Eric Wegrowe, ‡ and Etienne Snoeck† † CEMES-CNRS, 31055, Toulouse, France $ School of Physics and CRANN/Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland ‡ LSI/CEA/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France KEYWORDS Magnetic domain wall, electron holography, magnetic transition, 3D nanomagnetism. The internal structure of the DW is recovered comparing the experimental magnetic phase shift image of the electrons beam with the one calculated from micromagnetic simulations, taking into account the structural properties of the wire deduced from the TEM studies.
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