Imaging the electron density in solids by using multi-Brillouin-zone angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract

We propose a method to measure the electron density in the real space by using angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). By expanding the wave function in terms of Wannier functions, multi-Brillouin-zone ARPES data contains information on the coefficients of the Wannier function. It is shown, in the case of noninteracting electrons, that ARPES spectral functions in different Brillouin zones are related to the absolute value of the Fourier components of the initial states. In addition, the phases, which are a pseudospin in the graphene, of these components are shown to be real numbers in the function of ARPES intensity. We simulate ARPES data from tight-binding model to obtain phase information. This information combined with a proper consideration of the electronic potential can be used to construct the real-space wave function.