Abstract
.Significance: Sub-diffuse optical properties may serve as useful cancer biomarkers, and wide-field heatmaps of these properties could aid physicians in identifying cancerous tissue. Sub-diffuse spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-SFDI) can reveal such wide-field maps, but the current time cost of experimentally validated methods for rendering these heatmaps precludes this technology from potential real-time applications.Aim: Our study renders heatmaps of sub-diffuse optical properties from experimental sd-SFDI images in real time and reports these properties for cancerous and normal skin tissue subtypes.Approach: A phase function sampling method was used to simulate sd-SFDI spectra over a wide range of optical properties. A machine learning model trained on these simulations and tested on tissue phantoms was used to render sub-diffuse optical property heatmaps from sd-SFDI images of cancerous and normal skin tissue.Results: The model accurately rendered heatmaps from experimental sd-SFDI images in real time. In addition, heatmaps of a small number of tissue samples are presented to inform hypotheses on sub-diffuse optical property differences across skin tissue subtypes.Conclusion: These results bring the overall process of sd-SFDI a fundamental step closer to real-time speeds and set a foundation for future real-time medical applications of sd-SFDI such as image guided surgery.
Highlights
Light transport through biological tissue has been shown to be sensitive to microstructural composition, including the orientation of cells, the constituents of the intra- and extracellular matrix, Journal of Biomedical OpticsDownloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Biomedical-Optics on 02 Nov 2021 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useSeptember 2021 Vol 26(9)Stier et al.: Imaging sub-diffuse optical properties of cancerous and normal skin tissue. . .and the ratio of cell sizes.[1]
The model is able to make these predictions over a wide field and render optical property heatmaps from the Subdiffuse spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI)) image cubes
These results represent the first time that sub-diffuse optical property heatmaps have been rendered from experimental sd-SFDI images in real time
Summary
Light transport through biological tissue has been shown to be sensitive to microstructural composition, including the orientation of cells, the constituents of the intra- and extracellular matrix, Journal of Biomedical OpticsDownloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Biomedical-Optics on 02 Nov 2021 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-useSeptember 2021 Vol 26(9)Stier et al.: Imaging sub-diffuse optical properties of cancerous and normal skin tissue. . .and the ratio of cell sizes.[1]. Light transport through biological tissue has been shown to be sensitive to microstructural composition, including the orientation of cells, the constituents of the intra- and extracellular matrix, Journal of Biomedical Optics. Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Biomedical-Optics on 02 Nov 2021 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use. Stier et al.: Imaging sub-diffuse optical properties of cancerous and normal skin tissue. The ratio of cell sizes.[1] This behavior can be characterized using optical properties such as the reduced scattering coefficient (μs0), absorption coefficient (μa), and the phase function backscatter parameter (γ).[2] These optical properties have been found to be useful in many medical applications such as detecting burn wound severity,[3] monitoring blood occlusions,[4,5] and aiding in cancer diagnostics.[6,7,8,9]
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