Abstract
The terrestrial photogrammetric survey allows to acquire geometric characteristics of objects quickly and with handy and inexpensive hardware. Traditionally, these measurements require some hours of time between the choice of the acquisition points, the setting up of the camera, the survey of the topographic support network and subsequent processing of the acquired data. The upcoming of advanced algorithms such as “structure from motion” (SFM) [1] and the recent availability of optical cameras with increasing resolution combined with increasing resources of mass storage [1], make it possible to create dedicated hardware with potentials not possible with these technologies so far. Of particular interest in this field is the coming of so-called “imaging rovers”, i.e. cameras that allow simultaneous acquisition of multiple images, covering a 360-degree panorama and in some cases, directly positioned thanks to GPS/GNSS differential receivers with centimeter accuracy. The recent availability of these innovative techniques requires careful verification to assess their capabilities, accuracy, precision and possible limitations. This work presents the first systematic verification of one of these latest generation devices in different conditions and for different applications. It has been verified that in many cases it is possible to obtain three-dimensional surveys quickly with information contents comparable to those of more expensive and less handy instruments such as terrestrial laser scanning. The development of these techniques could lead to operational simplifications and greater efficiency also in complementarity with the reliefs from UAVs that, as it’s well known, show some limitations in the so-called urban canyons.
Highlights
Terrestrial photogrammetry techniques are emerging as fast and effective survey techniques for different types of applications [1, 6] and in some cases is supplanting the more consolidated technique of terrestrial laser scanning [7,9].“Imaging Rovers" are integrated systems made up of several cameras that are able to capture 360° panoramas in such a way as to obtain a complete visual documentation of the detected area and at the same time a measurement of the surrounding environment.In practice an Imaging Rover is a mobile device containing multiple integrated cameras that are able to capture a panoramic view
The upcoming of advanced algorithms such as "structure from motion" (SFM) [1] and the recent availability of optical cameras with increasing resolution combined with increasing resources of mass storage [1], make it possible to create dedicated hardware with potentials not possible with these technologies so far
The completeness of the reconstruction of the square during the first elaboration of the survey was not completely satisfactory, leaving many areas not reconstructed in a satisfactory way, in particular those of the flooring, as shown in figure 2 for this reason, after a comparison with the manufacturers of the instrument, it was decided to repeat the elaborations using the new version of the specific software (TBC 4.1) obtaining certainly more complete results already at a first examination of the point cloud, comparing, for example, the monument in the center of the square (Fig.3)
Summary
Terrestrial photogrammetry techniques are emerging as fast and effective survey techniques for different types of applications [1, 6] and in some cases is supplanting the more consolidated technique of terrestrial laser scanning [7,9].“Imaging Rovers" are integrated systems made up of several cameras that are able to capture 360° panoramas in such a way as to obtain a complete visual documentation of the detected area and at the same time a measurement of the surrounding environment.In practice an Imaging Rover is a mobile device containing multiple integrated cameras that are able to capture a panoramic view. Of particular interest in this field is the coming of so-called "imaging rovers", i.e. cameras that allow simultaneous acquisition of multiple images, covering a 360-degree panorama and in some cases, directly positioned thanks to GPS/GNSS differential receivers with centimeter accuracy.
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