Abstract
In neonates the most common indication for an imaging procedure is the follow-up of an abnormality detected during antenatal sonography. With its noninvasiveness, wide availability, and ease of use without the risks associated with ionizing radiation exposure, ultrasound is an excellent imaging modality for initial evaluation of a suspected neonatal abdominal mass. When a mass is present, the sonographic features and the clinical presentation along with the age of the patient can help pursue a focused differential diagnosis in most cases. In some cases, ultrasound may even facilitate a definitive diagnosis without the necessity of additional imaging studies. VCUG, the second most common neonatal urinary tract imaging procedure, is used to evaluate lower urinary tract anatomy. It can be used to distinguish obstructive from nonobstructive hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder tumors, and ureteroceles.
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