Abstract

We show theoretically that atomic resolution imaging of a polar surface can be achieved by using an atomic force microscope with a charged tip (CAFM). The image is obtained by analyzing the Coulomb interaction force between the charged tip and the polar surface, which not only displays striking contrasts between atoms of different charges but also exhibits a short-range exponential decay when increasing the tip–surface distance. Such a CAFM may be useful in imaging all polar surfaces with or without defects. It may also be applied to surfaces which are nonpolar but with significant charge transfer between different atoms due to surface reconstruction.

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