Abstract
The knee joint is the largest joint in the body and comprises the tibiofemoral (medial and lateral) and the patellofemoral compartments. The knee joint is a modified hinge joint and relies on several associated muscles, tendons, and ligaments to provide strength and stability during movement and at rest. A limping child with a swollen knee is a common presentation encountered by pediatricians. Although trauma is the most common cause of pediatric knee swelling, a wide variety of pathologies can manifest as a swollen and/or painful knee joint in children, reflecting underlying abnormalities of soft tissue or osseous components of the knee.1 , 2 In the absence of a recent or remote history of knee trauma, other pathologic causes of knee swelling include infections and inflammatory conditions, congenital/developmental causes, vascular abnormalities, and neoplastic disorders.
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