Imaging of Acute Traumatic Aortic Injury

Abstract

This article aims to review the key aspects of the imaging evaluation of acute traumatic aortic injury (ATAI) with an emphasis on factors that affect management of these patients. In the setting of trauma, the chest radiograph typically serves as the initial imaging evaluation and can be useful in detecting signs of mediastinal hematoma. In the current era, definitive diagnosis of ATAI is made with computed tomography (CT), where indirect and direct findings of ATAI can enable a confident diagnosis. Knowledge of potential technical and anatomic CT imaging pitfalls can prevent misdiagnosis of ATAI. Diagnosis of ATAI in the setting of blunt or penetrating trauma relies heavily on timely and accurate imaging interpretation. Once the diagnosis is made, a meaningful report including appropriate descriptors of the characteristics and location of ATAI should be generated by the radiologist to help direct management.