Abstract
Imaging techniques have evolved impressively lately, allowing whole new concepts like multimodal imaging, personal medicine, theranostic therapies, and molecular imaging to increase general awareness of possiblities of imaging to medicine field. Here, we have collected the selected (3D) imaging modalities and evaluated the recent findings on preclinical and clinical inflammation imaging. The focus has been on the feasibility of imaging to aid in inflammation precision medicine, and the key challenges and opportunities of the imaging modalities are presented. Some examples of the current usage in clinics/close to clinics have been brought out as an example. This review evaluates the future prospects of the imaging technologies for clinical applications in precision medicine from the pre-clinical development point of view.
Highlights
The frequency selective perception of electromagnetic waves is certainly one of the most astonishing achievements of evolution
Apart from that, endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) plays a major role in predicting disease severity, extent, and prognosis as mucosal healing was defined as a major therapeutic goal [187]
Various modern imaging modalities have been explored that enhance detailed mucosa assessments in real-time, including virtual chromoendoscopy techniques, i.e. Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI), Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE), and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Summary
The frequency selective perception of electromagnetic waves is certainly one of the most astonishing achievements of evolution. Modern imaging methods allow us to visualize microbes, soft tissue, motion, specific antibodies, brain function, metabolism, and much more. 1025 – more than all stars in the known universe) These magnetic moments can be excited by electromagnetic waves and emit a similar signal in return. These intrinsic sensors probe their surroundings and convey unique information that allows distinguishing tissues or molecules e.g. gray brain matter from the white one, or choline from creatine. While there is no dedicated “inflammation weighting”, some parameters were established as surrogate markers for inflammation; these will be discussed in the following While these images have shown great value for diagnostics, it should be kept in mind that they are not photographs but maps of abstract quantum mechanical or physical parameters. We discuss the application of hyperpolarized MRI, which allows metabolic imaging in real-time
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